全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9247篇 |
免费 | 891篇 |
国内免费 | 665篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 94篇 |
2022年 | 125篇 |
2021年 | 439篇 |
2020年 | 295篇 |
2019年 | 407篇 |
2018年 | 403篇 |
2017年 | 292篇 |
2016年 | 406篇 |
2015年 | 597篇 |
2014年 | 747篇 |
2013年 | 734篇 |
2012年 | 867篇 |
2011年 | 747篇 |
2010年 | 461篇 |
2009年 | 420篇 |
2008年 | 400篇 |
2007年 | 405篇 |
2006年 | 341篇 |
2005年 | 291篇 |
2004年 | 233篇 |
2003年 | 251篇 |
2002年 | 226篇 |
2001年 | 194篇 |
2000年 | 180篇 |
1999年 | 189篇 |
1998年 | 101篇 |
1997年 | 99篇 |
1996年 | 103篇 |
1995年 | 74篇 |
1994年 | 82篇 |
1993年 | 55篇 |
1992年 | 81篇 |
1991年 | 71篇 |
1990年 | 60篇 |
1989年 | 62篇 |
1988年 | 47篇 |
1987年 | 40篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 30 毫秒
71.
T.‐H. Yen Y. Chen J.‐F. Fu C.‐H. Weng Y.‐C. Tian C.‐C. Hung J.‐L. Lin C.‐W. Yang 《Cell proliferation》2010,43(3):287-296
Objectives: Myofibroblasts are a vital component of stroma of many malignant neoplasms, but it is not yet established whether stromal myofibroblasts also exist in benign tumours such as oncocytoma of the kidney. Materials and methods: Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of 16 renal oncocytomas diagnosed at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, has been performed. Results: Renal oncocytomas were composed of oncocytes, large cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged mostly in sheets, in tubulocystic or combined pattern. Few oncocytes appeared to be undergoing proliferation or apoptosis. MIB‐1 and active caspase 3 indices were low, but higher in tumour than in surrounding non‐tumour parenchyma (MIB‐1: 0.93 ± 0.09 versus 0.46 ± 0.07, P < 0.001 and active caspase 3: 0.76 ± 0.08 versus 0.41 ± 0.09, P < 0.001). Wnt/β‐catenin signalling was not implicated in this neoplasm, as there was no loss of E‐cadherin membranous localization or expression of intranuclear β‐catenin in the cells. Clumps of oncocytes were stained with periodic acid Schiff and had collagen I‐, collagen III‐ and fibronectin‐positive, but desmin‐ and human caldesmon‐negative stromas. Importantly, α‐smooth muscle actin (SMA)‐immunostaining established the myofibroblastic nature of many of the stromal cells. Some of the myofibroblasts were also positive for MIB‐1, indicating a proliferative role for them in the stroma. Conclusions: Renal oncocytomas were composed of two independent compartments: benign oncocytes and pronounced fibrotic stroma, which consisted of proliferating myofibroblasts (SMA‐ and MIB‐1‐positive) which were associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (periodic acid Schiff‐component, collagen I‐, collagen III‐ and fibronectin‐positive, and desmin‐ and human caldesmon‐negative). 相似文献
72.
73.
74.
volume 218, contents 相似文献
75.
Suo Yukai Ren Mengmeng Yang Xitong Liao Zhengping Fu Hongxin Wang Jufang 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2018,102(10):4511-4522
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Butyric acid fermentation by Clostridium couples with the synthesis of acetic acid. But the presence of acetic acid reduces butyric acid yield and increases... 相似文献
76.
Hanping Qi Jing Ren Mingyao E Qianhui Zhang Yonggang Cao Lina Ba Chao Song Pilong Shi Bowen Fu Hongli Sun 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(3):1926-1939
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological change frequently accompanied by chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy have never been elucidated. Recent studies indicated that miR‐103 expression was significantly decreased in heart failure patients. However, less is known about the role of miR‐103 in cardiac hypertrophy. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between miR‐103 and the mechanism of pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy. TRPV3 protein, cardiac hypertrophy marker proteins (BNP and β‐MHC) and autophagy associated proteins (Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II) were up‐regulated, as well as, miR‐103 expression and autophagy associated proteins (p62) were down‐regulated in cardiac hypertrophy models in vivo and in vitro respectively. Further results indicated that silencing TRPV3 or forcing overexpression of miR‐103 could dramatically inhibit cell surface area, relative fluorescence intensity of Ca2+ signal and the expressions of BNP, β‐MHC, Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II, but promote p62 expression. Moreover, TRPV3 protein was decreased in neonatal rat ventricular myocyte transfected with miR‐103, but increased by AMO‐103. Co‐transfection of the miR‐103 with the luciferase reporter vector into HEK293 cells caused a sharp decrease in luciferase activity compared with transfection of the luciferase vector alone. The miR‐103‐induced depression of luciferase activity was rescued by an AMO‐103. These findings suggested that TRPV3 was a direct target of miR‐103. In conclusion, miR‐103 could attenuate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy partly by reducing cardiac autophagy activity through the targeted inhibition of TRPV3 signalling in the pressure‐overloaded rat hearts. 相似文献
77.
Dayong Xia Xiaofu Zhai Honglian Wang Zhiyong Chen Chuanjing Fu Meihua Zhu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2019,23(6):4088-4096
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant which has been widely used in the treatment of different system diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. But, there are few studies that refer to protective effects and potential mechanisms on traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study was carried out to investigate the neuroprotective effect following TBI and illuminate the underlying mechanism. Weight drop‐injured model in rats was induced by weight‐drop. ALA was administrated via intraperitoneal injection after TBI. Neurologic scores were examined following several tests. Neurological score was performed to measure behavioural outcomes. Nissl staining and TUNEL were performed to evaluate the neuronal apoptosis. Western blotting was engaged to analyse the protein content of the Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream protein factors, including hemeoxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and quinine oxidoreductase‐1 (NQO1). ALA treatment alleviated TBI‐induced neuron cell apoptosis and improved neurobehavioural function by up‐regulation of Nrf2 expression and its downstream protein factors after TBI. This study presents new perspective of the mechanisms responsible for the neuronal apoptosis of ALA, with possible involvement of Nrf2 pathway. 相似文献
78.
79.
Yanping Zhou Lijuan Zhang Xiujuan Fu Zhongliang Jiang Rongsheng Tong Jianyou Shi Jian Li Lei Zhong 《化学与生物多样性》2019,16(9)
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) plays an important regulatory role in various signaling pathways; such as PI3 K/AKT, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, the most reported active GSK‐3 inhibitors have the same structure: lactam ring or amide structure. To find out the GSK‐3β small molecule inhibitor with novel, safe, efficient and more uncomplicated synthesis method, we analyzed in‐depth reported crystal‐binding patterns of GSK‐3β small molecule inhibitor with GSK‐3β protein, and designed and synthesized 17 non‐reported 3,5‐diamino‐N‐substituted benzamide compounds. Their structures were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HR‐MS. The preliminary screening of tumor cytotoxicity of compounds in vitro was detected by MTT, and their structure–activity relationships were illustrated. The results have shown that 3,5‐diamino‐N‐[3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide ( 4d ) exhibited significant tumor cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells (HCT‐116) with IC50 of 8.3 μm and showed commendable selectivity to GSK‐3β. In addition, Compound 4d induced apoptosis to some extent and possessed modest PK properties. 相似文献
80.
Hui‐Chun Fu Vinoth Ramalingam Hyunho Kim Chun‐Ho Lin Xiaosheng Fang Husam N. Alshareef Jr‐Hau He 《Liver Transplantation》2019,9(22)
MXene, a new class of 2D materials, has gained significant attention owing to its attractive electrical conductivity, tunable work function, and metallic nature for wide range of applications. Herein, delaminated few layered Ti3C2Tx MXene contacted Si solar cells with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈11.5% under AM1.5G illumination are demonstrated. The formation of an Ohmic junction of the metallic MXene to n+‐Si surface efficiently extracts the photogenerated electrons from n+np+‐Si, decreases the contact resistance, and suppresses the charge carrier recombination, giving rise to excellent open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current density. The rapid thermal annealing process further improves the electrical contact between Ti3C2Tx MXene and n+‐Si surface by reducing sheet resistance, increasing electrical conductivity, and decreasing cell series resistance, thus leading to a remarkable improvement in fill factor and overall PCE. The work demonstrated here can be extended to other MXene compositions as potential electrodes for developing highly performing solar cells. 相似文献